Lynne Perry-Bottinger, M.D. Responds:

Lynne Perry-Bottinger, MD, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at Columbia University and a clinical assistant professor of medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, responds: Medication may be necessary for some folks. But for others, lifestyle modification can go a long way—particularly for those who have what's defined as prehypertension. The category of prehypertension includes those with blood-pressure readings between 120/80 mmHg and 140/90 mmHg. Lifestyle modifications are generally recommended for all patients with prehypertension. And for those with high blood pressure (more than 140/90 mmHg), medication may be suggested, in addition to lifestyle changes. So what exactly does "lifestyle modifications" mean? A 2003 study sought to identify the lifestyle factors that can make a difference in managing high blood pressure. Here are the recommendations, based on the findings:

 Control your weight. Lose excess pounds, if necessary. Talk with your doctor about the weight that's suitable for you—and how to lose pounds safely. 

Adopt the DASH diet. Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. To get more information about DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), visit www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash. 

Scale back the sodium. Your daily sodium intake should be less than 2,400 milligrams. 

Aim for active. Your goal should be to get at least 30 minutes of physical activity a day, on most days of the week. 

Limit your alcohol. Consume no more than one drink daily for women and two drinks daily for men.